Associations between oral habits, dental anxiety, dental service utilization, and maternal mental health status among 6- to 12-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

PURPOSE: The current study sought to determine the associations between maternal mental health and oral habits, dental anxiety, and dental service utilization of 6- to 12-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. METHODS: Data were obtained from a household survey involving 1411 mothers and their 6- to 12-year-old children. Data collected were the confounding (maternal age, child's age at last birthday, sex at birth and socioeconomic status), independent (maternal psychological distress, and depression status) and dependent (child's non-nutritive oral habits, dental anxiety level, and most recent dental visit) variables. Bivariate analyses were conducted to test the associations between the dependent and independent variables. After controlling for confounding variables, the associations between the dependent and independent variables were determined using multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Overall, 479 (33.9%) reported one oral habit, 189 (13.4%) reported two and 99 (7.0%) children reported three or more oral habits. Only 25 (1.7%) children reported a dental visit in the year preceding the study. Higher maternal psychological distress was associated with higher dental anxiety in children (AOR: 0.094; 95% CI - 0.080 to - 0.293; p < 0.001). There was no significant association between maternal psychological distress, child's non-nutritive oral habits, and the child's most recent dental visit. There was also no association between maternal depression and the child's non-nutritive oral habits, dental anxiety level, and most recent dental visit. CONCLUSION: Maternal psychological distress was a significant risk indicator for dental anxiety, but not for dental service utilization or non-nutritive oral habits among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Maternal educational status was also associated with dental anxiety. Further research is needed to elucidate the study's findings.

Prevalence, distribution, characteristics and associated factors of molar-incisor hypo-mineralisation among Libyan schoolchildren: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical status of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and other enamel defects and associated factors in Libyan children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a randomly selected sample of 8- to 10-year-old Libyan school children was conducted in the city of Benghazi, Libya in 2019. The children were assessed for the presence of MIH and enamel defects according to EAPD evaluation criteria. The survey was supplemented by a questionnaire, completed by parents, about potential associated factors occurring before, around and after birth. Association with risk indicators was assessed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: One thousand forty-seven children returned complete questionnaires and attended the clinical examination, with 87% response rate. MIH was the most common form of enamel defects, affecting 162 (15.5%) children. The average number of MIH affected teeth was 3.54 (SD = 1.82). There were no statistically significant associations between the prevalence of MIH and health or demographic characteristics except for the history of early childhood health problems (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: In Libyan children, MIH appeared to be the most prevalent type of enamel defects affecting 15.5% of the participants. Although not statistically significant, MIH appeared to be associated with prenatal, perinatal and post-natal challenges.

Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

Government and nongovernmental organizations need national and global estimates on the descriptive epidemiology of common oral conditions for policy planning and evaluation. The aim of this component of the Global Burden of Disease study was to produce estimates on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 by sex, age, and countries. In addition, this study reports the global socioeconomic pattern in burden of oral conditions by the standard World Bank classification of economies as well as the Global Burden of Disease Socio-demographic Index. The findings show that oral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge. Globally, there were 3.5 billion cases (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 3.2 to 3.7 billion) of oral conditions, of which 2.3 billion (95% UI, 2.1 to 2.5 billion) had untreated caries in permanent teeth, 796 million (95% UI, 671 to 930 million) had severe periodontitis, 532 million (95% UI, 443 to 622 million) had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 267 million (95% UI, 235 to 300 million) had total tooth loss, and 139 million (95% UI, 133 to 146 million) had other oral conditions in 2017. Several patterns emerged when the World Bank's classification of economies and the Socio-demographic Index were used as indicators of economic development. In general, more economically developed countries have the lowest burden of untreated dental caries and severe periodontitis and the highest burden of total tooth loss. The findings offer an opportunity for policy makers to identify successful oral health strategies and strengthen them; introduce and monitor different approaches where oral diseases are increasing; plan integration of oral health in the agenda for prevention of noncommunicable diseases; and estimate the cost of providing universal coverage for dental care.

Feasibility of diffusion and probabilistic white matter analysis in patients implanted with a deep brain stimulator.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is an established advanced therapy that produces therapeutic effects through high frequency stimulation. Although this therapeutic option leads to improved clinical outcomes, the mechanisms of the underlying efficacy of this treatment are not well understood. Therefore, investigation of DBS and its postoperative effects on brain architecture is of great interest. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is an advanced imaging technique, which has the ability to estimate the structure of white matter fibers; however, clinical application of DWI after DBS implantation is challenging due to the strong susceptibility artifacts caused by implanted devices. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of generating meaningful white matter reconstructions after DBS implantation; and to subsequently quantify the degree to which these tracts are affected by post-operative device-related artifacts. DWI was safely performed before and after implanting electrodes for DBS in 9 PD patients. Differences within each subject between pre- and post-implantation FA, MD, and RD values for 123 regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. While differences were noted globally, they were larger in regions directly affected by the artifact. White matter tracts were generated from each ROI with probabilistic tractography, revealing significant differences in the reconstruction of several white matter structures after DBS. Tracts pertinent to PD, such as regions of the substantia nigra and nigrostriatal tracts, were largely unaffected. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and clinical applicability of acquiring and processing DWI post-operatively in PD patients after DBS implantation. The presence of global differences provides an impetus for acquiring DWI shortly after implantation to establish a new baseline against which longitudinal changes in brain connectivity in DBS patients can be compared. Understanding that post-operative fiber tracking in patients is feasible on a clinically-relevant scale has significant implications for increasing our current understanding of the pathophysiology of movement disorders, and may provide insights into better defining the pathophysiology and therapeutic effects of DBS.

Association between Helicobacter pylori gastritis and dental diseases: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study in Eastern Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: There is inconsistent evidence about the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and dental diseases with possible effect of environmental factors. The aims of the study were to assess (1) the association between gastric and oral H. pylori colonization and (2) the association between oral colonization of H. pylori and dental diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in King Fahad University hospital in Khobar, Eastern Saudi Arabia in 2017. Patients admitted to the Endoscopy Unit were recruited and clinically examined for plaque, decayed teeth (D), filled teeth (F), missing teeth (M), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), attachment loss (AL), and gingival bleeding in addition to assessing their age, gender, education, tooth brushing, flossing, and tobacco use with a questionnaire. Pooled dental plaque samples were collected and analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction PCR to detect oral H. pylori. Gastroscopy was used to extract biopsies to assess gastritis and the presence of gastric H. pylori using Giemsa stain. Regression analysis was used to assess differences between patients with and without gastritis, oral H. pylori and gastric H. pylori in the percentage of sites with gingival bleeding, PPD, CAL, D, M, and F with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: One hundred twenty patients were included. Most of them brushed daily (82.6%) and had university education (45.7%). Of these, 34.2% had gastric H. pylori and 5% had oral H. pylori. No significant association was observed between the percentage of sites with gingival bleeding, mean PPD, AL, F, and either gastritis, the presence of oral or gastric H. pylori. Patients with gastritis had significantly higher number of D and M than patients without gastritis (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the presence of gastric and oral H. pylori in patients with good oral hygiene and moderate socioeconomic status is not significantly associated with periodontal diseases. Patients with gastritis tend to have a higher number of decayed and missing teeth.

Effect of Papacarie and Alternative Restorative Treatment on Pain Reaction during Caries Removal among Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of Papacarie and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) on pain and discomfort during caries removal among children. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty healthy, 4-8 year-old children were equally and randomly allocated to Papacarie and ART to remove caries from decayed primary teeth. A randomized, controlled, blinded, two parallel-arms clinical trial was conducted in the clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Egypt in March 2014. Pain and discomfort were assessed blindly by two independent investigators watching videotaped treatment sessions using the Sound, Eye and Motor scale (SEM). Their reliability was assessed using Kappa statistics. The effect of caries removal methods, time spent to remove caries and other confounders on SEM score was assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean time to remove caries using Papacarie and ART was 5.8 and 4.8 minutes, P= 0.005. Median Paparie and ART scores for the S, E and M components were 1, 1, 1 and 3, 2, 3. Adjusted mean SEM score= 3.6 and 7.8, P <0.0001. Method of caries removal was the only factor significantly affecting pain and discomfort. CONCLUSION: Papacarie is associated with minimal pain during caries removal from primary teeth compared to ART, although it has longer working time.

Association between oral health knowledge and practices of Saudi pregnant women in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

This study assessed the association between oral health knowledge and practices of pregnant Saudi women selected from visitors to a government hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia in 2014. Women answered questions on oral health knowledge during pregnancy and knowledge of infant oral health. Most women (> 70%) knew that dental caries in children can be prevented, that pregnancy affects oral health and that dental treatment during pregnancy can negatively affect infants. Most women (> 80%) performed oral hygiene procedures but only 18% regularly visited the dentist. In a regression analysis, oral health knowledge was not significantly associated with reported oral hygiene practices. Women who visited the dentist regularly were more likely to know how to prevent caries in children, and that dental treatment during pregnancy and infant health were associated.

Association between oral health knowledge and practices of Saudi pregnant women in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

This study assessed the association between oral health knowledge and practices of pregnant Saudi women selected from visitors to a government hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia in 2014. Women answered questions on oral health knowledge during pregnancy and knowledge of infant oral health. Most women [> 70%] knew that dental caries in children can be prevented, that pregnancy affects oral health and that dental treatment during pregnancy can negatively affect infants. Most women [> 80%] performed oral hygiene procedures but only 18% regularly visited the dentist. In a regression analysis, oral health knowledge was not significantly associated with reported oral hygiene practices. Women who visited the dentist regularly were more likely to know how to prevent caries in children, and that dental treatment during pregnancy and infant health were associated

La présente étude avait pour objectif d'étudier l'association entre les connaissances et les pratiques en matière de santé bucco-dentaire de femmes enceintes saoudiennes sélectionnées dans un hôpital public à Dammam, Arabie saoudite, en 2014. Les femmes interrogées ont répondu à des questions concernant leurs connaissances sur la santé bucco-dentaire pendant la grossesse et la santé bucco-dentaire du nourrisson. La plupart des femmes [plus de 70%] avaient connaissance du fait que les caries dentaires chez l'enfant peuvent être évitées, que la grossesse a une influence sur la santé bucco-dentaire, et que les traitements dentaires pendant la grossesse peuvent avoir un impact négatif sur le nourrisson. La plupart des femmes [plus de 80%] appliquaient des pratiques d'hygiène buccale, mais seulement 18% se rendaient régulièrement chez un dentiste. Une analyse de régression a montré que les connaissances en matière de santé bucco-dentaire n'étaient pas associées de façon significative à l'application de pratiques d'hygiène buccale. Les femmes consultant régulièrement un dentiste étaient plus susceptibles de savoir comment prévenir les caries chez l'enfant, et qu'un traitement dentaire pendant la grossesse et la santé du nourrisson étaient corrélées

Evaluating the English language scientific writing skills of Saudi dental students at entry level.

Better knowledge is needed about the effectiveness of preparatory English language courses for the health professions. This study evaluated the scientific writing skills of students finishing their preparatory year of a bachelor of dentistry programme in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014-15 among first-year dental students at the University of Dammam. Students were asked to write a 150-word English language assignment that was analysed for writing statistics and problems using Microsoft Word and plagiarism detection software. Of the 89 respondents, female students used a significantly greater number of words than did male students and their assignments had significantly lower Flesch reading ease scores. Male students had significantly lower odds of using references (OR 0.04) and higher odds of making punctuation and grammar mistakes (OR 2.63 and 3.91 respectively). One course of scientific writing in the preparatory year may not be enough to develop adequate writing skills among undergraduate dental students.

Bioglass in Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Orthodontic Patients: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

This study was designed as a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a novel bioactive glass scaffold-tailored amorphous multiporous (TAMP)-for the preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction in class II orthodontic patients. TAMP scaffolds were prepared and sterilized. Patients were screened for eligibility, and 6 patients accounting for 14 extraction sockets were included in this stage. Sockets were randomly allocated to either control (left empty) or test (grafted with TAMP scaffold particles). Follow-up was done after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 to 17 wk with digital periapical radiographs to evaluate changes in crestal bone height and bone mineral density (BMD), 3-dimensional volumetric analysis of impression casts, and histologic analysis of core biopsies. Furthermore, alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from control and test sockets following biopsy retrieval to evaluate the ability of TAMP bioactive glass scaffolds to recruit host progenitor cells. Results showed that sockets grafted with TAMP bioactive glass scaffolds better preserved height after 3 mo where mesially 57.1% of test cases showed preservation of socket height, compared with 28.6% of control cases. Distally, this was 42.9% of test cases versus none of the control cases. Regarding BMD, the test sides had higher BMD in all 3 sections of the socket, with the greatest reduction in BMD found in the coronal third. Results were not statistically significant. Histologically, sockets grafted with TAMP bioactive glass scaffolds showed a distinct pattern of bone healing characterized by vertical trabeculae and large vascularized marrow spaces with sockets showing corticalization. Volumetric analysis showed a better preservation of socket contour with TAMP bioactive glass scaffolds. TAMP bioactive glass scaffolds appeared to enhance the recruitment of stem cells from the grafted sockets. In conclusion, TAMP scaffolds appear to better preserve alveolar bone following extraction and allow for a more active bone modeling and remodeling process( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01878084). Knowledge Transfer statement: The results of this study set the stage for the recommended use of novel biomimetic scaffolds, such as the tailored amorphous multiporous bioactive glass for preservation of the socket following extraction. This can be valuable for patients and clinicians alike when deciding on long-term prosthetic alternatives that not only result in immediate bone preservation but will accommodate the dynamic nature of bone.

Evaluating the English language scientific writing skills of Saudi dental students at entry level

هناك حاجة الى معرفة افضل عن فعاليه دورات اللغة الانجليزيه التحضيريه الخاصة بالمهن الصحيه لقد قيمت هذه الدراسه مهارات الكتابه العلميه للطلبه الذين انهوا سنتهم التحضيريه لبرنامج بكالوريوس طب الاسنان في المملكه العربيه السعوديه فاجريت دراسه مقطعيه في عام 2015-2014 على طلاب السنه الاولي لطب الاسنان في جامعه الدمام طلب من الطلاب ان يكتبوا واجبا باللغة الانجليزيه من 150 كلمه وتم تحليلها من حيث احصاءات الكتابه ومشاكله باستخدام برنامج مايكروسوفت وورد وبرنامج للكشف عن السرقة الادبيه فمن بين المستجيبين الـ 89 استخدمت الطالبات عددا من الكلمات اكبر بكثير من الطلاب واحرزت واجباتهن درجات اقل بكثير في اختبار فليش لتحديد سهولة القراءه وكانت احتمالات استخدام الطلاب للمراجع اقل بكثير OR=0.04 واحتمالات استخدامهم لعلامات الترقيم ووقوعهم في اخطاء نحويه اكثر OR=2.63,3.91 على التوالي ان دورة واحدة للكتابه العلميه في التحضيريه قد لاتكون كافيه لتنميه مهارات كتابيه كافية لدى طلاب بكالوريوس طب الاسنان

Better knowledge is needed about the effectiveness of preparatory English language courses for the health professions. This study evaluated the scientific writing skills of students finishing their preparatory year of a bachelor of dentistry programme in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014–15 among first-year dental students at the University of Dammam. Students were asked to write a 150-word English language assignment that was analysed for writing statistics and problems using Microsoft Word and plagiarism detection software. Of the 89 respondents, female students used a significantly greater number of words than did male students and their assignments had significantly lower Flesch reading ease scores. Male students had significantly lower odds of using references (OR 0.04) and higher odds of making punctuation and grammar mistakes (OR 2.63and 3.91 respectively). One course of scientific writing in the preparatory year may not be enough to develop adequate writing skills among undergraduate dental students.

Une meilleure connaissance des cours de préparation en langue anglaise destinés aux professions de santé est nécessaire. La présente étude a évalué les compétences rédactionnelles scientifiques des étudiants en fin d’année préparatoire du programme d'études dentaires en Arabie saoudite. Une étude transversale aété conduite entre 2014 et 2015 auprès d’étudiants en première année de médecine dentaire à l’Université de Dammam. Il a été demandé aux étudiants de rédiger un devoir de 150 mots en langue anglaise qui a ensuite été analysé pour établir des statistiques et répertorier des problèmes de rédaction à l’aide du logiciel Word de Microsoft et d’un logiciel de détection de plagiat. Sur les 89 entretiens, les étudiantes interrogées utilisaient une plus grande variété de mots que les étudiants et leur devoir présentait une mesure de lisibilité de Flesch nettement inférieure. Le nombre de références utilisées par les étudiants de sexe masculins était nettementinférieur (OR 0,04) tandis que le nombre d’erreurs de ponctuation et de grammaire était supérieur (OR 2,63 et 3,91 respectivement). Un cours de rédaction scientifique pendant l’année préparatoire semble insuffisant pour développer des compétences rédactionnelles suffisantes chez les étudiants en premier cycle de médecinedentaire.

Attitudes of dental students towards using computers in education--a mixed design study.

This mixed design study explored attitudes of dental students towards use of computers. It employed quantitative analyses of a questionnaire answered by 979 students and qualitative analysis of suggestions by a subgroup of 339. Positive attitudes towards computers were predicted by "computer use for > 1 year" and "year of study". Qualitative analysis of students' suggestions confirmed these findings and brought up new issues such as the need for establishing a website for the faculty. The results indicate that careful planning is needed to improve students' skills and incorporate computer applications in educational curricula.

Attitudes of dental students towards using computers in education-a mixed design study

This mixed design study explored attitudes of dental students towards use of computers. It employed quantitative analyses of a questionnaire answered by 979 students and qualitative analysis of suggestions by a subgroup of 339. Positive attitudes towards computers were predicted by "computer use for > 1 year" and "year of study". Qualitative analysis of students' suggestions confirmed these findings and brought up new issues such as the need for establishing a website for the faculty. The results indicate that careful planning is needed to improve students' skills and incorporate computer applications in educational curricula

Systemic lupus erythematosus in a pediatric patient with congenital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The coexistence of congenital HIV infection with primary rheumatologic disease is rare. We have described a child with congenital AIDS and concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with small vessel vasculitis with no renal involvement. Oral corticosteroid therapy resulted in significant improvement in her clinical state. The child also responded strongly to potent antiretroviral therapy both virologically and immunologically.

Islam is for family planning. Husbands and wives can stop pregnancy for medical, psychological, social and/or financial reasons.

PIP: The author believes that all religions have the common objective of offering happiness to all humans, discussing religious matters must depend upon correct knowledge of the facts and the proper understanding of relevant issues, differing opinions are accepted as long as they foster discussion intent upon revealing the truth, children can be the source of happiness if taught morality and ethics, God created the universe and everything is running according to a perfect discipline, and the Islamic Shari'ah has laid the foundation for a detailed system characterized by clear rules to guide humans in their communities on how to enjoy their rights and respect their duties. He discusses the meaning of family planning, explains that family planning is allowed from the religious point of view, and explains that there are no official fatwa which approve of family planning. The call for family planning contradicts no Koranic verses and it is useless for governments to issue laws on family planning. Family planning does not contradict Islam faith and belief in destiny, and any method approved by knowledgeable senior doctors which fails to violate the rules of Shari'ah are approved by Islam. Islam is a religion supportive of family planning.^ieng